STL and Header File in C++ Tutorial

STL and Header File in C++

Complete Tutorial with Project Practice

1. What is STL in C++?

STL (Standard Template Library) គឺជាក្រុម Library ស្រាប់នៅក្នុង C++ ដែលផ្តល់ Data Structure និង Algorithms សម្រាប់ការសរសេរកម្មវិធី។

STL មាន 3 ផ្នែកសំខាន់៖

Containers
Algorithms
Iterators

2. Vector Container

Vector គឺជា Dynamic Array ដែលអាចបន្ថែម Data បានដោយប្រើ push_back().

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector<int> numbers;

numbers.push_back(10);
numbers.push_back(20);
numbers.push_back(30);

for(int i=0;i<numbers.size();i++)
{
cout<<numbers[i]<<endl;
}

return 0;
}

3. Stack Container

Stack ប្រើគោលការណ៍ LIFO (Last In First Out)

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
stack<int> s;

s.push(10);
s.push(20);
s.push(30);

cout<<s.top();

return 0;
}

4. Queue Container

Queue ប្រើ FIFO (First In First Out)

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
queue<int> q;

q.push(1);
q.push(2);
q.push(3);

cout<<q.front();

return 0;
}

5. Algorithms in STL

Algorithm Library ប្រើសម្រាប់ Sorting និង Searching

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

vector<int> num = {5,2,8,1,9};

sort(num.begin(), num.end());

for(int x : num)
cout<<x<<" ";

return 0;

}

6. Header File in C++

Header File គឺជា File ដែលផ្ទុក Function Declaration និង Class Definition។

Example Header Files:

iostream
vector
stack
queue
algorithm

7. Creating Custom Header File

#ifndef MATHFUNCTIONS_H
#define MATHFUNCTIONS_H

int add(int a,int b);
int sub(int a,int b);

#endif

8. Project Practice – Student Management System

Features:

Add Student
Display Student
Search Student

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:

int id;
string name;
float score;

};

int main()
{

vector<Student> students;

Student s;

cout<<"Enter ID: ";
cin>>s.id;

cout<<"Enter Name: ";
cin>>s.name;

cout<<"Enter Score: ";
cin>>s.score;

students.push_back(s);

for(Student st : students)
{
cout<<st.id<<" "<<st.name<<" "<<st.score<<endl;
}

return 0;

}

9. Common STL Header Files

Header	Purpose
vector	Dynamic Array
stack	Stack Data Structure
queue	Queue Data Structure
map	Key Value Pair
algorithm	Sorting and Searching

Programming Tutorials

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